Biography:

Cathrine Victor Gabra Boutros had completed her Master Degree in Clinical Pharmacy at the age of 23 years from University of Medical Sciences and Technology. She was appointed as a lecturer of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology at University of Medical Sciences and Technology from 2011 up to 2015. Currently, she is working as a lecturer of Pharmacology and Communication Skills at Nile College. She had published a paper entitled “Epidemiology of substance use among University students in Sudan” in Journal of Addiction, January 2016.

Abstract:

Background Ocular pharmacology is one of the least-managed areas of pharmaceutical care by pharmacists, however, pharmacists play a major role in health promotion towards eye care, they are in a position to advice patients upon the symptoms presented and demonstrate the proper use of ophthalmic drops and ointments. The challenge is to create a new generation of ocular pharmacists who can improve eye care treatment in managed care pharmacy. Objective: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacists towards ophthalmic medications. Method: The study was conducted using two methods, the mystery shopper and conventional questionnaire methods for getting the actual and perceived knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) respectively. The study was carried out on randomly selected pharmacies (n= 100) in Khartoum. In collecting data of the actual pharmacist’s (KAP), four scenarios were done by a mystery shopper. The observations were reported immediately after each visit using an observational checklist. In collecting the perceived data of the pharmacist’s (KAP), a conventional questionnaire was designed and distributed to the same pharmacists . The actual and perceived data collected, was analyzed using SPSS. Results: The results collected by the mystery shopper showed that overall performance- including knowledge, attitude and practice- of the studied group of pharmacists was generally poor representing 47% of the total, 38% were average, and only 15% were good. However the questionnaire results was somehow better, as 43% were poor, 28% were average, and 29% were good. Actual data collected by the mystery shopper showed that in scenario one, none of the pharmacists recognized the inappropriate use of tropicamide eye drop in glaucomatous patients, and only 20% (n=5) could recognize the best time for using travoprost eye drop is at evening. In scenario two, only 20% (n=5) could recognize that acyclovir ophthalmic ointment should be used five times a day. Results of scenario three, showed that the majority of the pharmacists 32% (n= 8) provided tetracycline eye ointment for the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis in infants, 36% (n= 9) referred to an ophthalmologist. Scenario four, showed that none of the pharmacists were aware of mast cell stabilizer and its indication as a prophylactic of allergic conjunctivitis. The perceived data collected by the questionnaire showed a better results as the pharmacists were trying to give an ideal answers knowing that they were a part of an assessment study. Conclusion: Pharmacists were found to had poor knowledge, attitude and practice about ophthalmology and its medications. It is recommended to consider curriculum modifications to facilitate learning outcomes needed to practice pharmaceutical care specially in the ophthalmic area.

Biography:

Amna Beshir Medani has completed her PhD from University of Khartoum and Post-doctoral studies from University of Khartoum, School of Veterinary Medicine. She is an Assistant Profesor of Pharmacology and Toxicology UMST, Faculty of Pharmacy, a premier founder of Toxline.org, and a member of many international organizations and bodies. She has published more than 13 papers in reputed journals and conferences and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

Abstract:

The effects of oral doses of polyDADMAC were daily examined on Nubian goats at two different dose-rates, namely 0.5 mg/kg/day and 2.5 mg/kg/day to group (2) and (3) goats respectively compared to untreated Nile water given to a group (1) of control goats under experimental conditions. Death occurred to variable levels. In polyDADMAC dosed animals clinical signs included dullness, loss of weight, loss of appetite, diarrhea, difficulty in respiration, and recumbence. Postmortem changes included haemorrhagic and congested lungs, congested livers, inflamed intestines in addition to bloated rumens and their kidneys showed fatty changes Oral dosing with polyDADMAC caused lung emphysema ,lymphocyte infiltration and edema. Intestines showed congestion and sloughing of intestinal epithelium, their livers manifested generalized fatty change and lymphocyte infiltration and spleens suffered from haemosiderosis, while the control goats showed normal clinical , postmorteum and histopathological picture. The serum concentrations of GPT, LDH , CK and GOT showed variable changes (P<0.01-P<0.001). Serum metabolites significantly increased (P<0.01) –P<0.01) in urea and creatinine values compared to the control group . Deviated values of electrolytes in serum (P<0.01-P<0.001) from the control values namely, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphrus. Other hematological disorders were manifested mostly by the group of goats received the highest dose. Hepatic and renal dysfunctions, as a sequel to treatment with the under-test polymer, were observed forming a co-related picture which expresses its toxic and sometimes lethal effects.

Biography:

P G Shrotriya MPharm, PhD worked for over four decades in every facet of Pharma Industries in India and overseas and was responsible for creating international quality compliance and approvals for number of organizations. He was Chairman Parenteral Preparation in Indian Pharmacopoeia, Govt. of India. He worked for number of WHO standards for Drugs and Pharmaceuticals. He delivered lectures at national and international levels. He was working with academic institutes and trained students and professionals for International Regulatory Compliance.

Abstract:

Pharma industry is heavily regulated all over the world, rightly so since it deals with human lives. Need for strict regulation was realised and implemented world over after havoc created by Thalidomide. Over a period of three decade industry has seen phenomenon change in acceptance standards of International Regulatory Agencies world over. Setting up of Standards for Organization and preparing Organization for International Regulatory Compliance is a big task for Pharma Industry who would like to be a Global player in manufacturing and Supply Chain Management of Drugs and Pharmaceuticals. Top Management commitment is a must for excellence in Quality System. Support for creating hardware is not enough, where human being plays a major role. Regulatory compliant facility must be supported by a Quality system which has to be made as a culture, a way of working. Dual standards – one for the country and another for Regulated Market does not work. Acceptance level and ensuring adherence to controls is a task to be complied with by every individual. This presentation will cover importance of continuous Training, Development and Monitoring at a regular interval and updating of systems. Scientific Investigation of every observation in a situation and that by International Regulatory Agency will be presented as Case studies – i) Noncompliance to Environmental Controls in a recently completed maintenance of parenteral manufacturing facility. ii) Compliance to Validation requirements in changeover to high speed operation insisted by a Regulatory Agency. iii) Abnormal odour experienced in a bulk pack of Anti-TB drug product supplied to International Regulating Agency. iv) Role of Package design and Environmental control for Antibiotic Suspension – Investigation to Solution. v) Recreating market complaint referred by Importing Regulatory Agency. vi) Issue of not meeting the requirement of weight of content of Capsule referred by a QP of a regulated market.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global public health problem. Countries of the deve-loping world are mostly affected and Sudan is included. The most serious concern is that some bacteria acquire resistance to almost all routinely used antibiotics. Such bacteria are capable of causing serious infections that are very difficult to treat. We, therefore, were interested in studying the existence and extent of antimicrobial resistance in clinically isolated bacteria. Objectives We aim at studying the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of a group of pathogenic aerobic bacteria that are isolated from patients suffering from infectious conditions and attending different hospitals in Khartoum city. Methodology This is a laboratory-based descriptive study. Clinical isolates were collected from patients attending Soba, Khartoum, Omdurman Paediatric, Omdurman Emergency and Al-Zaytona hospitals in addition to the Jordanian medical centre. Standard bacteriological protocols and the Modified Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion assays were applied. The ethical clearance for conducting this study was obtained from the Ethical Committee Board of UMST and hospitals authorities. Results Out of 150 isolates; 130 [87%] were Gram negative, these included; Escherichia coli [55, 36%], Klebsiella pneumonia [36, 24%], Proteus spp {[24, 16%]: Proteus mirabilis [13, 54%] and Proteus vulgaris [11, 46%]}, Enterobacter spp [6, 4%] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [9, 6%]. Gram positive bacteria were 20 [13%], these included; 10 [7%] of each of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Amongst strains of enterobacteria, high resistance was seen with Ampicillin [113, 93%], Amoxicillin [120, 99%], Trimethoprim [110, 91%] and Nalidixic Acid [71, 59%]. Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, high resistance was seen with Ampicillin [9, 100%], Amoxicillin [9, 100%], Nalidixic Acid [7, 80%] and Nitrofurantoin [5, 60%]. Amongst strains of enterobacteria, high sensitivity was detected with Amikacin [116, 96%], Tetracyclin [67, 55%], Ciprofloxacin [81, 67%], Gentamycin [97, 100%] and Norfloxacin [108, 94%]. Among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, high sensitivity was seen with Amikacin [9, 100%], Ciprofloxacin [9, 100%] and Gentamycin [7, 75%]. All [10, 100%] S. aureus strains were resistant to Fusidic Acid. Among Enterococcus faecalis isolates, high resistance was seen with Ampicillin [10, 100%], Vancomycin [8, 80%] and Cefotoxime [7, 70%]. Among S. aureus strains, high sensitivity was seen with Tetracyclin [10, 100%], Gentamycin [8, 80%], Amikacin and Clindamycin [7, 70%], and Methicillin [6, 60%]. Among Enterococcus faecalis strains, high sensitivity was seen with Nitrofurantoin [10, 100%] and Amikacin [7, 70%]. Conclusion According to our findings, we conclude that antimicrobial resistance has emerged and strongly exists in Khartoum, Sudan. Resistance rate is high in aerobic Gram negative bacilli relative to Gram positive cocci. Multi-drug resistance to the easily available and locally used antibiotics is common. We, therefore, encourage clinicians to prescribe suitable alternatives. We, also encourage the health care authority to apply measures to control this problem in Sudan.

Biography:

Suad Yousif Abdalla Alkarib has completed her PhD from University of Khartoum. She is the Founder of College of Pharmacy in Karary University. Previously, she was a Director General Manager for the “Wafrapharma Laboratories Ltd. She is the Member of the Sudanese Medical Council, and also the Member of Scientific Researches committee in Gum Arabic Board (Sudan). She is the Member of the Arab Administrative Development Organization (League of Arab States). She is the Rapporteur of the Industrial Pharmacy Committee in the Pan Arab Colleges of Pharmacy (October-2012). She is the Member of the proposed fellowship in Technology of Industrial Pharmacy (Council of pharmaceutical specialties-Sudan). She has got a Certificate of honor as a leader in the field of pharmacy, and the first female major-general (Jan-2011) Sudan. She received major awards and decorations in Competency - Duty - The national Rescue - Golden defence. She has published more than ten papers in different journals and conferences.

Abstract:

Introduction: Gum arabic is a complex, loose aggregate of sugars and hemicelluloses composed of Arabic acid nucleus connected with calcium, magnesium, potassium and sugars Arabinose, Galactose, and Rhamnose. It is found in mechanically ground or spray dried forms. The solubility varies between 2 hours in the raw gum form and 20 minutes in spray dried form. This study tended to enhance the solubility by producing an instant soluble granulated form. Methodology: The study was performed using atomized fluid bed drier. 50 kg of raw gum, subjected first to mechanical comminuting into powder, then treated with water by spraying at rate of 200 ml/min for 90 minutes. The inlet temperature was 70oC, and the outlet temperature was 40o C. Finally after water treatment process, the powder resized through Mesh size of 40 micrometer and the microbial test was done for the finished product. Results: The solubility of the granulated instant soluble gum in room temperature was found to be less than 2 minutes compared to the spray dried form which is 20 to 30 minutes and 2 hours for mechanical ground gum. The volume increased to three times compare to the mechanical form. Conclusions: Granulation of gum under water spray significantly enhances the solubility and hence it is beneficial for uses in pharmaceutical technology as a binder, suspending agent, surface active agent and tablet coating materials.

Biography:

Amna Beshir Medani Ahmed has completed her PhD at the age of 35 years from University of Khartoum. She is the founder of Toxline .org , a new approach to connect professionals around chemical safety for the human , animal and environment safety. She has published more than 24 papers in reputed journals and conferences.

Abstract:

Cinnamaldehyde a food flavor has a high human consumption. In this study, we evaluated toxic effect of cinnamaldehyde on rats liver and kidneys. Rats were separated into 4 groups, each group containing 5 rats. The first group is control which did not receive doses of cinnamaldehyde. Second group received 500mg/kg/day (ED50), third group received 1200 mg/kg/day (TD50) and last group received 1900mg/kg/day (LD50) of cinnamaldehyde in food for period of 2 weeks. Then, sufficient amount of blood samples were collected in tube (containing lithium heparin anticoagulant), plasma was separated by centrifugation 300RBM for 3 times. Then, GOT, ALP, urea and creatinine tests were performed using Mindary BS-200 instrument. The data was collected and analyzed by variance statistical methods using SAS statistical package version (9.1) which showed a significant increase in ALP enzyme level and urea that indicated abnormalities in liver and kidney function but did not show a significant change in GOT level and creatinine. Thus the study showed that cinnamaldehyde can cause liver and kidney abnormalities and this effect is dose related, so there must be awareness and rational use of cinnamaldehyde within margin of safety and lethality as shown in the study.

Biography:

Pierre Lutgen is the founder of NGO, IFBV-BELHERB in Luxembourg. Since 5 years the NGO IFBV from Luxembourg has established a working relationship with African universities, in close cooperation with other European research institutions.

Abstract:

Since 9 years the association IFBV-BELHERB from Luxembourg has established a working relationship with African and South American universities, in close cooperation with other European research institutions. Several of these partners have run clinical trials with Artemisia annua tea. In all these trials a therapeutical effect of 95% or higher was confirmed by the use over 7 days of whole leaf infusion, capsules or tablets. One of the surprising effects noticed in these trials was that that the artemisinin content had very little impact on the results. This lead us to make an analysis as complete as possible of all the constituents, organic and inorganic, in a large series of A. annua samples from different origins. A. annua from Luxembourg which had shown very promising antimalarial results, excellent bactericidal properties and a strong anti-inflammatory effect contained very little artemisinin but higher concentrations of certain essential oils. The effect of water soluble polysaccharides, amino acids, phytosterols and saponins has been neglected in the past because most of the A. annua extracts had been obtained with organic solvents. Several papers have shown that A. annua ingested as powdered leaves or in conjunction with fatty food significantly increases the artemisinin concentration in the blood. It is well documented in the literature that A. afra or sieberi which contain little or no artemisinin are extensively used as antimalarials. They contain at least 5 molecules of the same antimalarial efficacy as artemisinin. Recent double blind, randomized clinical trials with 1000 patients in RD Congo show that Artemisia afra is equivalent to A. annua and has a higher efficiency than ACTs. More recent research from the Al Quds University has shown that aqueous infusions of several Artemisia species strongly inhibit beta-hematin, like chloroquine did. But the most important finding in several of the clinical trials, especially in Kenya and Uganda, was that people who drink one or two cups of A. annua tea per week become immune against malaria. Similar strong prophylactic results have been obtained with ARTAVOL, a mixture of herbs developed by the Ministry of Health in Uganda, mixture containing Artemisia without artemisinin. Resistance in this case is not related to the killing power of one single molecule like artemisinin but to the polytherapy of the whole plant which not only eliminates the parasites but boosts the immune system, avoiding thus infection, reinfection or recrudescence.

Biography:

Rania Al Dweik is a PhD candidate expected to complete her PhD in December 2015 from University of Ottawa, School of Public Health. Most of her experience was in Drug Regulation.

Abstract:

Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of patient ADR reporting on Pharmacovigilance activites. Method: Phase I is systematic review to identify factors influancing patients reporting. Phase II is descriptive analysis of all ADRs reports received by Health Canada over the last 10 years. Phase III, aninterpretative descriptive will be used to explore usability of the Canadian Vigilance systems by patients. Results: Of 1435 citation reviewed, 22 studies published in 26 papers were appraised. These studies mainly focused on factors affecting patients reporting of ADRs. None of thes studies conducted at North America. Sixteen out of 22 reviewed studies described barriers to the reporting process included: Poor awareness of ADR reporting systems; difficulties with reporting procedure and forms; lack of feedback to ADRs submitted by the patients; confusion as to who reports ADRs and to whom they are reported; poor economic status; ADRs resolved; and prior negative reporting experience. Another 11 out of the 22 reviews studies described the motives for reporting ADRs by patients and those included: prevent others from similar ADRs; inform regulatory bodies, drug manufacturer, HCPs, and public; improve drug safety and medication leaflet and enhance scientific knowledge; (4) improve HCP practices; (5) failure of HCPs to report their ADRs; asked to report ADRs by HCPs; it was serious ADRs; and desire for personal feedback and want more information about the ADRs. Conclusion: Findings from this research anticipate to make three significant contributions: highlight the role of patients in directly reporting ADRs; provide new information that may help us provide guidance to streamline and optimize patient ADR reporting; and provide policy makers, public health officials, and regulatory agencies with this critical information in order to improve medication safety in Canada.

Biography:

Anthia Zammit served as legal counsel to the Healthcare Business Section of the Malta Chamber of Commerce, Enterprise, and Industry, and as a member of the European Patients’ Forum (EPF) Policy Advisory Committee. She also worked as Associate at a leading business and tax law firm in Malta. Her profile was enhanced by her role representing private and publicly-listed companies during their global expansion in established and emerging markets; business development; contract negotiation; medicinal product launches; drug and vaccine licensing (centralized, decentralized and mutual recognition procedures); regulatory affairs; regulatory compliance; good manufacturing practice (EU-GMP); good distribution practice (EU-GDP); pharmacovigilance; data privacy; pricing & reimbursement; and marketing. She is passionate about preventive healthcare, and is interested in legislation as a means of increasing global access to safe medicinal products and vaccines. She is regularly invited as keynote speaker at high-level global conferences on invitation of the European Commission to discuss healthcare delivery; medical practice; digital health; e-health; mobile-health technologies and systems; personalized medicine; youth health; global business development in life sciences; international harmonization of regulatory requirements of pharmaceuticals for human use, and other topics. She received an LLB (Bachelor of Laws) and an LLD (Doctor of Laws) from the University of Malta.

Abstract:

We are unfortunately subject to an optimistic bias when we evaluate how, and to what extent, drugs and other medical therapies will become available and accessible to patients on the global level in which pharmaceutical enterprises operate. In developed countries, the pricing and affordability of medicines is a controversial issue that highlights health and economic inequalities, and great challenges for the future. According to the New York Times article Lawmakers Look for Ways to Provide Relief for Rising Cost of Generic Drugs (November 24th 2014), “the cost of many generic medications has increased so much over the past year that prices for many common generic drugs in the USA have surpassed those of their brand-name equivalents in other developed countries”. The issue of unaffordable healthcare is more challenging with technological advances and the demographic growth of the geriatric population, including those with cancer and cardiac disease. Legislation can be instrumental in the creation of equitable solutions. The EU member state’s management of healthcare access and drug entry; the implementation of regulatory requirements aimed at ensuring quality, safety, and efficacy of medicines and vaccines for human use; and the European Transparency Directive (Council Directive 89/105) which defines procedural requirements for pricing and reimbursement of medicinal products will be discussed. These issues must be taken into account since few of the hundreds of drugs in clinical development ever reach the stage of final approval, having failed to produce the anticipated results expected by the investigators. These trials can take up to 20 years to complete, and several billion dollars to reach the stage of approval or denial by the regulatory agency involved. When failing to demonstrate viability, preexisting expenditures are allowed to be passed onto the price the pharmaceutical company charges patients. In the cancer industry for example, most new drugs require the patient or insurance company to pay 50-100,000 dollars for a course of treatment which may not offer more than several months of improvement in the clinical response. It is essential that the legislators in each of the countries where the drug is to be introduced be able to negotiate a fee arrangement where the patient will not be denied treatment and the drug company be compensated reasonably for development costs.

Biography:

S. Mohan Jain is an Indian-born plant biotechnology scientist. He worked several years for the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna. He has done research on genetically modified food, mutation breeding, ornamental plants, date palm, and tropical fruits, such as banana. He has edited 44 internationally sold books. He was listed in Marquis Who's Who in the World 13th edition, 1996 and Who's Who in Science & Engineering, 4th edition, 1997. Dr. Jain completed his bachelor's degree at the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University in Hisar, Haryana, India (1966-1970). After that he continued his studies to receive a Master of Science from the Genetics department at the G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology in Pantnagar, Nainital, India (1970-1972). In 1972 he started his studies in Master of Philosophy in Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, India and finally completed his studies with Ph.D from the same university in 1978. S. Mohan Jain also holds the position of Adjunct Professor at University of Helsinki, Åbo Akademi University and University of Jyväskylä in Finland.

Abstract:

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is widely grown in the hot arid regions, and provides nutrition, as a staple food for centuries, food security, and raw material to the food industry. Even though date fruits are rich in nutrition, minerals, sugar and phytochemicals and its global market share is extremely low. There are at least 15 minerals in dates, varies from 0.1 to 916 mg/100g, include boron, potassium, phosphorous, sodium and zinc. The seeds contain aluminum, cadmium, chloride, lead and sulphur in various proportions. The protective effects of fruits against chronic diseases are attributed to phytochemicals, which have antioxidant activity, cholesterol-lowering properties, chemoprevention of cancer, prevention of diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Date fruits contain many classes of bioactive components including carotenoids, polyphenols especially phenolic acid, isoflavons, lignin, and flavonoids, tannins, and sterols. In date palm cultivars, phytosterols are in abundance in shoot tips and pollen grains, calli and somatic embryos Thin layer chromatography revealed a number of phytosterols including cholesterol, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, which are beneficial as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenicity, and anti-cancer Fresh date fruits are an excellent source of energy and remedy for alcoholic intoxication, stimulation of the uterus by regulating contractions, and treatment of constipation, However, studies on the detailed identification, characterization, and quantification of phytochemicals in different date varieties at different stages of fruit ripening are still insufficient Also the systematic studies on the date health benefits are inadequate and hardly recognized as a healthy food, and this aspect will be highlighted.

Biography:

Neelima Dhingra obtained her BPharmacy, MPharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), and PhD (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) from the University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh. Presently, she is serving as an Assistant Professor at Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh. She has 9 years of teaching and research experience. Her major area of research focuses on Designing (2D-QSAR, 3D-QSAR), synthesis, spectroscopy analysis, physicochemical parameters and biological evaluation (in vitro, in vivo, in silico) of steroidal derivatives especially 5- alpha reductase inhibitors. Her research work has been credited with 2 US patents, 4 national patents, 12 research papers in the peer reviewed journals, 7 national awards. She has presented more than 30 abstracts at various national and international conferences. She has guided MPharm candidates and presently two research scholars are enrolled with her for their PhD studies. She is on the editorial board of various national journals and is the Editor Member of Asian Council of Scientific Editors 2014 onwards. She is also life member of various national scientific bodies like APTI, IPGA, PAS, PUPS, IABMS and SPER. She is presently handling government agency like UGC, CSIR, DST funded projects worth Rs 40 lakhs.

Abstract:

This is the story of a quest spanning over hundred years to find out the novel approaches for most common and potentially progressive condition of aging men i.e. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. We will focus on the modern era of the both diagnostic and treatment issues available starting from the discovery of the first still besterol in the early 1937 and culminating in the discovery of the Finasteride and Dutasteride as 5α- Reductase Inhibitors in 2002. Yet one cannot be certain that the quest has ended. Past experience reveals that with the advent of profound knowledge of the pathogenesis, the natural history, risk of the progression and new generation of experiments powered by technological breakthrough, the concept of management has undergone many changes with time.

Biography:

Swaroopa Rani N. Gupta has done Ph.D. in Chemistry from Nagpur University, Maharashtra, India in 1993. She is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry, Brijlal Biyani Science College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India. She has published more than 20 papers in reputed international journals; she has presented papers at Inter National conferences at India, Singapore, London, Dubai, Hong Kong, Mauritius, Tashkent, Nepal and has been serving as Technical committee member of International Conferences at Singapore, U.K., Dubai, Hong Kong, Mauritius, Korea, Turkey, New Zealand, Nepal etc. She wants to explore world through great research interest in all aspect of world problem.

Abstract:

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a commonly used method for estimating body composition, and in particular body fat. Since the advent of the first commercially available devices in the mid-1980s the method has become popular owing to its ease of use, portability of the equipment and it’s relatively low cost compared to some of the other methods of body composition analysis. Present paper deals with body composition analysis of undergraduate students using bioelectrical impedance analysis method and their counseling on diet and lifestyle. Bioelectrical impedance analysis method involves determination of Body Weight, Body Fat Percentage, Segmental Subcutaneous Fat Percentage (Whole Body, Trunk, Arms and Legs), Visceral Fat percentage, Segmental Skeletal Muscle Percentage (Whole Body, Trunk, Arms and Legs), Resting Metabolism, Body Mass Index and Body Age. Results are interpreted in terms of ideal weight, overweight, underweight, Period required for weight Loss / Gain at the rate of 1.5 kg per month, Period required for wt maintenance, Fat %, Subcutaneous Fat % (Trunk), Visceral Fat %, Skeletal Muscle % (Whole body), RM, BMI, Body Age. It also highlights correct weight reduction and instructions for better health improvement and weight loss, weight gain and weight maintenance programme. For ideal weight management and for a more accurate and precise body composition analysis full Body Sensing Technology Karada Scan Body Composition Monitor – HBF-375 is used. Karada Scan measures body resistance by using weak current flowing through both hands and both feet (Bioelectrical Impedance / Biological resistance method). Tissues with more water content in human body tend to conduct electricity (such as muscle and vein) easily. Fat tissue almost conducts no electricity. The body feature is used to calculate percentage of fat tissue and non fat tissue. Current flowing through human body is very weak (50 KHz, 500A), which is not stimulant and is very safe to human body. In order to obtain body fat and other data from resistance between both hands and both feet, the five items, i.e. resistance value, height, weight, age and gender are required, which are obtained in accordance with basic human data collected by the company independently. There is little scope for technician error as such, but factors such as eating, drinking and exercising must be controlled since hydration level is an important source of error in determining the flow of the electric current to estimate body fat. The instructions for use of instruments typically recommends that measurements should not be done soon after drinking or eating or exercising, or when dehydrated. Instruments require details such as sex, age and height to be entered, and use formulae taking these into account; for example, men and women store fat differently around the abdomen and thigh region. It is important to know our biological age. If we know where the problems exist, we can initiate the lifestyle modifications necessary to improve our health and increase our vitality. Maintaining an ideal weight can help prevent obesity or weight loss and other diseases, and lead a longer life. We should build up non-fat physique by increasing skeletal muscle and improving resting metabolism. Complementing exercise along with a proper diet is the key to a healthy lifestyle. In today’s world, exercising routine is regarded imperfect without vital elements called Bodybuilding supplements. They act as a fuel for our body and boost sporting performance. Herbalife is a world leader in the wellness industry. Their products do detoxification and cleansing of body systems from the inside, weight management, supplementation, anti-aging, prevent future diseases. Among these are Aloe Plus Tablet, Afresh, Cell -U -Loss Tablet, Personalized Protein Powder, Nutritional Shake Mix, Multivitamin Mineral and Herbal Tablet, Cell Activator Tablet, Activated Fiber Tablet for better weight management. Interpretation of body composition analysis report of undergraduate students (Female + Male) shows that underweight person is 44.2 %, normal person is 45.7 %, overweight person is 7.2 % and obese person is 2.9 %; that of undergraduate students (Female) shows that underweight person is 43.4 %, normal person is 46.2 %, overweight person is 7.5 % and obese person is 2.8 %; and that of undergraduate students (Male) shows that underweight person is 46.9 %, normal person is 43.8 %, overweight person is 6.3 % and obese person is 3.1.

Biography:

David W. Moskowitz is a well-trained nephrologist and founder, CEO, and Chief Medical Officer of GenoMed, a next Generation DM(tm) company (DM = Disease Management).

Abstract:

Perhaps the most overlooked resource for global public health is the retail pharmacist. They are located in the smallest, remotest villages. They are comfortable with computers, and most are linked to the Internet. They provide affordable medications and trusted medical advice to everybody in the village. Their stores are well-known anchors in the community. They pay extraordinary attention to detail. They have a strong business sense. They deliver excellent customer service. If they don't, they soon go out of business. Genomics, the science of which genomic variants cause disease, discloses the earliest steps in disease causation, making reversal of disease possible. For example, the right ACE inhibitor at the right dose can reverse early stage diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy. In principle, 90% of chronic kidney failure could be prevented. The remaining 10% of kidney patients could get a transplant, and the world could be dialysis-free. Kidney failure is exploding in the developing world, where there are few dialysis machines and no money to pay for dialysis. Nor do these countries have enough doctors and nurses to deliver public health. Pharmacists could easily identify diabetic and hypertensive patients among their clientele, educate their customers about the existence of a treatment to avoid dialysis, communicate by email with a Disease Management company like GenoMed, deliver an agreed-upon dose of ACE inhibitor to the patient, monitor the patient's blood pressure, and titrate up the dose of ACE inhibitor as needed. Since the patient has to purchase the ACE inhibitor at the pharmacy anyway, there's no reason why the pharmacist couldn't measure the patient's blood pressure with an automated BP cuff and suggest a new dose of ACE inhibitor, with input from the Disease Management company. Retail pharmacists could perform this service much more easily than a mail-order pharmacy. It would create a significant new revenue stream for the retail pharmacist.

Biography:

Lance Smallshaw on boarded at UCB Pharma S.A. in Belgium in early 2011, after completing nearly 30 years at Eli Lilly and Company based in various locations around the world specializing in both biopharmaceutical/chemical analytical development and QC (API/Parentals). In addition to his previous role he was a corporate QC laboratory auditor and trainer in statistics and statistical process control (SPC) for more than 15 years. He has been a major industry contributor to a number of collaborative UK dti/BIUS funded new biopharmaceutical technologies initiatives. In past years for his long service was awarded a CaSSS Associated Directorship. After the publication of his UK Pharmaceutical Quality Group (PQG) CQI monograph back in 2007 on Good Quality Control Laboratory Practice (based on Eurdralex Volume 4 Chapter 6 (EU GMP Guide) he was approached the following year to become a member of the training team for the European Qualified Person Association (EQPA section of the European Compliance Academy (ECA)) and has been delivering training on a biannual basis since. As a consequence of his service to EQPA over the past 8 years and in recent years he has been appointed to the Executive Board of the European Compliance Academy (ECA), the largest Pharma training organization in Europe. He is a Fellow and Chartered Chemist (Royal Society of Chemistry (1999)) and has published widely, two of his most recent publications being accepted by Nature-biotechnology (2010) and Pharmaceutical Technology Europe March 2015. He is the UCB Pharma Global Lead for Elemental Impurities to ICH Q3D and UCB Worldwide Expert for New Biological Entities (NBEs) and analytical strategies.

Abstract:

In past few years there has been plethora of revisions and inclusions to the European GMP Guidance general chapters, annexes and GxPs. In addition there have been a number of significant updates related to the European legislation including a new directive for safety relating to the rise of falsified medicines reaching the market place. This presentation will provide a current picture in time of what these changes are and responsibilities, challenges and expectations faced by both individuals and individual companies.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background: Medication safety unit [MSU] streamlines the safe management and use of prescribed medications and reduction in all types of medication errors [MEs],and associated morbidity and mortality resulting in enhanced patient safety, better quality of healthcare services and cost saving. Objective: This study aims to describe MSU programs together with their purposes developed in King Saud Medical City [KSMC], Saudi Arabia and supports them with related policies and guidelines based on evidence-based research done across the world. Method: A descriptive study was designed to define programs, roles and annual plan of MSU, which was established in year 2012. Multiple awareness campaigns and training courses were organized for highlighting the significance of MSU among healthcare providers and consumers in KSMC. Results: The MSU developed 14 programs and annual medication safety plan of actions having 14 items(both are available with presenter) together with respective policies, procedures and guidelines, well supported by evidence-based research data for improving safe medication management and use associated with reported reduction in MEs, and increased patient safety and quality of healthcare. Conclusion: MSU is a useful tool to encourage reporting of MEs, which are reported to increase patient safety and safe medication management and tends to decrease the number of MEs. Beside establishing MSU in all hospitals, this study calls for a randomized controlled study in future that will identify potential risk factors that impact safe medication management and are associated with patient safety not only in Saudi Arabia but also in other Arabian Gulf countries.

Biography:

E Vigneshwaran completed his PhD from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India. Currently, he is working as Assistant Professor in the department of Clinical Pharmacy at King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He is past Director and President – elect of ISPOR – India Andhra Pradesh chapter and member of various professional bodies around the world. He has presented draft pharmacoeconomic guidelines for India during the proceedings of ISPOR 6th Asia Pacific conference held in Beijing, China on 2014. He has more than 30 research papers to his credit and served as editorial/review member in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Essential medicines list is the concept that satisfies the priority of healthcare needs and promotes rational use of medicines. The drugs which are present in the list should address the disease burden based on its prevalence at all levels of health care. It also serves as basis of drug formulary. Increased drug utilization, increased drug price, availability of number of drugs to single indication and limited budgets shows the need of formulary. Formulary is a continuous revised compilation of pharmaceuticals and related products started as simple list of available drugs, and then they evolved into a dynamic guide for an effective management of drug therapy by health care professionals in clinical applications. Decisions about drug selection are complex and are influenced not just by evidenced based criteria but also take into account of economical and therapeutic aspects of drug, and political, social and ethical values of community to which the decisions apply. Thus pharmacoeconomics (PE) can serve as one of the tool in drug selection process for an effective development of formulary, but it may require strong co-ordination between pharmacoeconomic expertise and health care professionals. Literatures also reported that use of PE information in creating formulary is limited due to various barriers. However, it must be used to manage limited health resources in the best way. Therefore more educational programs to the decision makers should be conducted to facilitate the use of such tool in developing formulary. Because current evidence suggests that pharmacoeconomic information is not widely used worldwide.

Biography:

Diabetes is a significant and growing healthcare concern in the Middle East and globally. Almost 37 million people have diabetes in Middle East now. If we do not act now, this figure will rise to 68 million by 2035. Saudi Arabia is the 2nd highest-ranking country in the world with regard to diabetes prevalence at 23.90%. In schools of pharmacy, education about diabetes may be a standard part of the curriculum although the depth of coverage or the extent students are able to apply what they learn may vary especially in Diabetes self-management education (DSME). DSME is a critical element of care for all people with diabetes and those at risk for developing the disease. It is necessary in order to prevent or delay the complications of diabetes. We arranged a program, for pharmacy students, partnering didactic instruction on diabetes with life experience as both a mock patient with diabetes and as a pharmacist taking care of a patient with diabetes applying DSME concept and guideline through Simulated Diabetes Education Center. Several studies demonstrating value when a pharmacist is part of the diabetes provides education care team. To reflect this instructional format for pharmacy students, we will synchronize role-play and group education in a Simulated Diabetes Education Center. Our goal is to develop a more comprehensive APPE that would provide a better core level of knowledge and, at the same time, expose the student to experiential learning about diabetes. Specific objectives are to: improve student knowledge about diabetes improve student confidence in providing diabetes care through DSME; and improve integration of the didactic lectures on diabetes provided in the therapeutics course with the problem-based learning cases.

Abstract:

Alaa Bagalagel, PharmD, is Assistant Professor at The Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University. Also, he is the Director of Clinical Training Unit and Alumni Unite. He earned his PharmD degree from King Abdulaziz University after which time he completed Pharmacy Practice Residency (PGY1) and Ambulatory Care Residency (PGY2) at The University of Arizona. He completed a Postdoctoral Fellowship at The University of Arizona. His area of research includes: clinical safety and efficacy of biosimilars, diabetes care, and drug reactions. He is an active member of the biosimilar working group at The University of Arizona Health HOPE Center.

Biography:

Hung Lam is now studying his PhD at Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck. He started in 2013 and has been working on thiomers and pre-activated thiomers. He has, until now, published 3 papers in reputed journals on pharmaceutical sciences.

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to synthesize pre-activated low molecular weight of poly(acrylic acid) (2-, 6-, and 15 kDa) and to investigate their enhanced mucoadhesive effects in combination with polycarbophil-cysteine conjugate (PCP-cys). PCP-cys is highly mucoadhesive owing to its free thiol groups, but its high molecular weight (approximately 3.5×109 g/mol) and its cross-linked structure may spatially hinder its interaction with mucus. Pre-activated poly(acrylic acids) are thiolated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-cys) with their free thiol groups further conjugated with 2-mercaptonicotinic acid via disulfide bonds (PAA-cys-MNA). Pre-activated thiomers are the latest generation of mucoadhesive polymers developed by our research group and the lowest low molecular weight PAAs were chosen for this study because of their high chain mobility. The enhanced mucoadhesive effects were studied with rheological measurements of mixtures of PAA-cys-MNA and PCP-cys with purified porcine mucus. The results showed that pre-activated PAAs increased the dynamic viscosity of the mixtures of PAA-cys-MNA/PCP-cys/mucus by 3.5-, 5.6-, and 5.1-fold (respectively for PAA 2-, 6-, 15 kDa) compared to the mixtures of unmodified PAAs/PCP-cys/mucus. This finding suggests that the presence of low molecular weight and high chain mobility of pre-activated PAAs could serve as a “cross-linker” to facilitate the formation of disulfide bonds and in situ cross-linking process between PCP-cys and mucus gel and therefore increased mucoadhesion.

Biography:

Abstract:

Malaria is the most deadly disease that concerns mostly African children under the age of five. Its treatment is difficult because of drug resistance to conventional molecules, including Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) recommended by WHO. Several studies, for instance those of Chougouo and al. showed that the infusion of A. annua is more efficient than ACT after 7 days of treatment, but hardly accepted by children mostly those under 2 years old because of the quantity to administer. The present study is to put in place a more acceptable dosage form for children i.e. suppositories made from A. annua grown in Cameroon. To evaluate its quality, the powder of leaves and stems of A. annua has been submitted to physicochemical analysis. The particle size was determine by the sieve method and laser diffraction. Artemisinin, determined by TLC - densitometry, then read through Mesurim software. Entire flavonoids titrated by aluminum chloride. The formula of medicines established and suppositories were submitted to pharmacotechnical tests. The powder obtained, of bitter taste, greyish-green, with characteristic odor (camphor), is homogeneous with 56,37 % of particles in the sieve of diameter over or equal to 63 μm. The artemisinin and entire flavonoids contents are respectively of 5 mg/g and 0,43 mg equivalent to quercetin per gramm of dry matter. 250 mg suppositories of active principle have been made knowing that, 1g of A. annua powder moves 0,72 g of Suppocire C. They are dark-green, shiny, smooth, barrel-shaped. Their average weight is 2,15 g, disintegration time 8 min 16 s, the fusion point 35,7 ˚C. These suppositories, are in conformity with European pharmacopoeia. The suppositories will contribute to a better treatment of malaria among children

Biography:

Mohammed Fatima is currently a graduate student in the University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Khartoum, Sudan.

Abstract:

Biography:

Rayan Salah Elhadi has completed her Bachelor’s from University of Medical Sciences and Technology, pre-master qualifying student at Institute of endemic diseases, University Of Khartoum. She is a teaching assistant of chemical pathology at Medical Sciences and Technology University.

Abstract:

Diabetes mellitus is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by high metabolic and oxida-tive stress, and there is evidence that trace elements such as zinc and copper are important co-factors in these processes. We therefore have measured serum zinc levels in type 2 diabetic subjects from Khartoum state. 20 diabetic patients and 20 non-diabetic control subjects were included in this study. Serum zinc and random blood glucose (RBG) were measured among the study groups and the association of Zn compared with glycemic status, age, gender, and duration of diabetes. The serum zinc level was significantly higher (P-value=0.02), (2.01±0.999 ppm) in diabetic patients as compared with control subjects (1.83±0.704 ppm) respectively, There was insignificant association between study groups among the age (P-value=0.35) and gender variables (P-value=0.518). Also there was significant association with glycemic status, and duration of diabetes (P-value=0.000) with serum Zinc in the type-2 diabetic patients. We conclude that the zinc values were increased significantly, especially in diabetes mellitus with long duration of disease. Another studies show low zinc level so, further studies are recommended to address the possible role of zinc measurement and the possible impact of zinc therapy in insulin metabolism resistance states such as diabetes.

Biography:

Eiman Adam Mohamed is a fifth year student in Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences and tTechnology.

Abstract:

Worldwide obesity dramatically increased to more than double since 1980. In 2014 approximately 39% of adults aged 18 years and above were either overweight or obese. 42 million children under the age of 5 were overweight or obese in 2013. In Africa Obesity rates are rapidly increasing particularly in urban settings, which considered as a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart attacks and a variety of cancers. As Obesity is preventable and reversible, finding a cheaper alternative anti-obesity drug will encourage obese people to reduce their weight and thereby prevent other complications. It is believed that Treatment with β adrenoreceptor agonists promotes fat loss and muscle growth. Ephedrine is a β-adrenoreceptor agonist; works as weak central nervous system stimulant. It facilitates the liberation of energy from energy stores and in turn it increases their concentration in plasma. Caffeine has many pharmacological actions including: Central nervous system stimulation, diuresis, stimulation of cardiac muscle and relaxation of smooth muscles. We are going to study the effect of a combination of the two compounds with β agonistic properties in sixteen well fed newzealand rabbits. The evaluation will be through the measurement of grams of weight lost by rabbits during one month of administration of the combination of caffeine and ephedrine and the change in lipid profile. The expected results are reduction in body weight and reduced total cholesterol level.